Atributos físicos e químicos do solo sob diferentes sistemas de manejo em áreas de ecótono Cerrado – Amazônia

Abstract

Soil quality indicators are measurable (quantitative or qualitative) properties that will allow you to characterize, evaluate and monitor the changes that have occurred in the given ecosystem. These indicators can be physical, biological chemists and are used to quantify the soil changes. This study is part of the hypothesis that there is a difference between management systems adopted in different types of soils. Ten areas were evaluated, each comprising a management system, which are divided into two soil classes (Ultisol and Entisol Quartzipsamment) with five management systems (1-silvipastoril with 30% shading; 2-silvipastoril with 60% of shading, 3-capoeira; 4-native secondary Mata; 5-pasture with conventional handling). The study was carried out at the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (EMVZ) of the Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Araguaína-to. To evaluate the chemical attributes was performed sampling the area collections were carried out at the depths of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm. The analyzed attributes were PH, P, K +, Ca ² +, Mg ² +, H + Al ³ +, Al ³ +, Sum of bases (SB), cationic exchange Capacity (CTC) Effective, CTC at PH 7, base saturation (V%), aluminium saturation (m%). The data were subjected to analysis of main components and subsequently analysis of variance and test of Tukey (p < 0.05) for comparison of averages. It was found that there were small changes in the attributes analyzed within the management systems in the Neossolo, however the Silvipastoril system with 30% shading proved to be more appropriate, since it elevated the PH values, and essential cations of the soil; While in upper the silvipastoril systems with 60% shading and conventional pasture showed higher averages in the analyzed attributes, placing them as the best studied systems. Pana analyze the physical attributes of soil were collected ten undeformed soil samples to quantify soil density and total porosity. For the determination of the texture and organic matter (MO), sampling was carried out at two depths 0-10 and 10-20 cm. In the determination of the carbon Stock (EC) The values of the Mo and of the value were used to estimate the EC values. The texture data, MO and EC were subjected to statistical analysis and multiple comparison test of averages, Tukey (p < 0.05), data pertaining to soil density and total porosity. In the Neossolo Quartzarênico the different management systems did not change the physical attributes evaluated, when compared to the reference area, however, area 1 presented a better increase in the EC and MO, which can make it more efficient for this type of soil. In the red upper System 2 had a higher EC increment and therefore MO, provided improvement in the analyzed attributes.