Análise transcricional de genes relacionados ao déficit hídrico e teor de óleo em soja (Glycine max)

Abstract

The demand for renewable sources of fuel has been growing, as well as the need to find alternatives to increase the production of raw materials. Vegetable oils have been intended for different applications not only in the area of biofuels, but also in industry. Soybean breeding programs have been focused on the development of more productive varieties, and some factors may influence the chemical composition of the seeds, such as genetic and environmental factors, being determinants of soybean quality. A characteristic related to the environmental factor that has gained great prominence in the last years is the water deficit that can affect the activities of some enzymes, causes the accumulation of compatible proteins and solutes, sugars, amino acids and changes the metabolism of the lipids that aid in the synthesis of the membrane . Molecular events are initiated by the perception of water stress, a perception that involves a large genetic network and complex molecular mechanisms. Studies in the last decades have identified many genes related to water stress in plants, one of these studies has shown that the dehydration-responsive element binding protein (DREB) plays an important role in the response to abiotic stress. In order to analyze gene expression in real-time PCR, soybean leaves (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) were used to analyze the expression of genes related to water deficit and oil content in the soybean crop. of the cultivar M9144 RR in which the treatments were divided as follows: 25V25R - the crop suffered a water deficit during the whole cycle, being irrigated with 25% of the ETpc: 100V100R - treatment in which the plants did not suffer water deficit, being irrigated with 100% of the ETpc throughout the cycle. The quantification of the relative expression of the GmDREB1 and GmDREB5 genes showed that the water stress experienced by the cultivar during the whole cycle had greater expression at the reproductive stage, since the DGAT3A gene had no difference in expression for both treatments.