Um estudo sobre os impactos causados pelo fechamento das escolas no campo localizadas no município de Combinado/TO: contextualizando a educação do campo no Brasil em seus aspectos históricos, legais e conceituais

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the impacts caused by the closure of schools located in the countryside in the city of Combinado (TO). Thus, initially the Rural Education is contextualized in its historical, legal and conceptual aspects. Following is a mapping of the schools that were closed in the city of Combinado, describing the reasons for the closure of schools, analyzing the impacts caused by the closure of schools in relation to the teaching and learning process of students in the region. As a methodology, it was based on a bibliographic and field research with a qualitative approach. Thus, for data collection, instruments were used, such as literary review, document analysis and semi-structured interviews. The results show that the policy of closing schools in the city of Combinado (TO) is marked by political, social and economic determinants that led this public to attend school in the urban area, besides the attendance of students being low. We believe that in order to modify these relationships, it is necessary to mobilize the rural subjects to protest, as well as to demand improvements in this schooling process. Only in this way, we have the possibility to act from reality and reflect on it, democratically incorporating the social function of the school in dialogue with the principles of rural education. In the city of Combinado (TO), four unregistered schools in the field were closed, called Santana Municipal School, Camp Municipal School, R-4 Municipal School, Aviation Field Municipal School; and five registered schools, Floresta Municipal School, Buritizinho Municipal School, Pinheira Municipal School, Aeroporto Municipal School and R-2 Municipal School. This has created a deficit for this population, which is a minority in the municipality but needs schools near their areas. The closure of schools was due to the lack of students in classes, because of the small frequency rate, and also because of the political issue and the costs that these schools in the field would generate for the municipality, making managers make this decision to close the schools. During the research, it was noticed that the displacement of students from rural to urban areas is one of the main factors that hinder the development of their skills, and also bad roads, rainy period, early waking and late meals; all of this implies the learning process. In interviews the students emphasize the possibility of reopening schools in the field, but we know that for this to happen it is necessary that the city managers can analyze all the issues and possibilities, since the city offers school transportation so that these students do not stay without the right to education from within the laws governing that right. In fact, it is hoped that the results of this work will contribute to the critical reading of the readers about this context of rural school closures. It is notorious to think of criteria that allow the stay of these subjects of the field and a quality education.