Estudo do perfil de resistência e/ou sensibilidade de enterobactérias isoladas de podocnemis expansae da possível relação de gastroenterite com o consumo da espécie pelo homem

Abstract

The work seeks to contribute to understanding of themicroorganismpresente in the turtles of the species Podocnemis expansa.The research presentes a methodological approach divided into three distinct stages. In the first and second stages, themicroorganismcollected from Podocnemis expansa from natural environment, comercialbreeding and nest eggsfrom Podocnemis expansawere analyzed. Thecollected enterobacteria were identified at the gender level and their susceptibility and / or antimicrobial resistanceprofiles performed. In the third stage, the perception of the relationship between meat consumption and / or handling of P. expansawith gastroenteritis in men wasinvestigated. The thesis is organized in 4 chapters. Chapter I introduces the subject, Chapter II presents 5,355 isolates of enterobacteria collected from 100 individuals isolated from P. expansafrom the natural environment and from commercial farms. Of these 2,725 came from P. expansafrom a natural environment and 2,630 from commercial farms. The genus that showed the highest frequency in a natural environment was Shigellaspp. and in commercial breeding the species E. coli.observed a variability between the enterobacteria collected from the two environments. In order to verify the antimicrobial susceptibility, 5,355 antibiograms of enterobacteria collected fromP. expansafrom natural and commercial environments wereperformed.In the susceptibility tests of Hafnia spp. from commercial breeding, it was found that all samples were sensitive to: ampicillin 100%, gentamicin 100%, sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim 100%, ceftazidime 100%, cefoxitin 100%, amikacin 100%, cephalothin 100% and imipenema 100%, O The present study indicated that this enterobacterium is more difficult to be treated with ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim, ceftazidime, cefoxitin, aztreonan and cephalotin. In chapter III, the analysis of microorganismisolated from P. expansaeggs was carried out. 1,200 isolates of enterobacteria were identified, distributed among the genera, Enterobacterssp. 33.3%, Citrobacter spp. 20.8% and E. coli20.8%, presenting multidrug resistance to antimicrobials in more than 04 of the antibiotics used. Chapter IV in order to verify the perception regarding the transmissibility of etiologic agents of gastroenteritis by P. expansaby the management as well as theconsumption of its meat eggs were interviewed with 18 people between the 7th and 10th of November 2019. hotel farm employees interviewed, 57.14% were women and 42.85% men, rarely 63.63% of guests and / or study clients rarely consume Amazon turtles (Podocnemis expansa) 36.36% do not like or never ate . When approached about the possible transmission of etiologic agents of gastroenteritis by P. expansa, 45.45% of guests / customers disagree that microorganisms can be transmitted by turtles, 36.36% agree. Inthe category employees, 14.28% agree that turtles can transmit the etiological agents of gastroenteritis. It was observed that there is a difference between the frequency of enterobacteria that colonized Podocnemis expansain a natural environment and commercial breeding, a higher frequency in a natural environment of Hafnia spp. for male and Shigella spp. for female individuals. As for commercial breeding, adult males and females had a higher frequency of E. coli while youngsters had a higher frequency ofShigella spp. regarding the transmission of etiologic agents of gastroenteritis, most of the interviewees disagree that P. expansacan transmit to humans.