Menina e menino vestem azul e vestem rosa: reverberações das questões de gênero na infância, nos eventos acadêmicos no período de 2008 a 2018 e nas mídias digitais brasileira

Abstract

This dissertation, registered in the research line Curriculum, Teacher Training and Teaching Knowledge, addresses the theme of childhood and gender and its reverberations in academic events, in digital media and in the inauguration speech of Minister Damares Regina Alves, current Minister of Women, of the Family and Human Rights, of the Brazilian Federal Government, in 2019, in which he said: “Boy wears blue and girl wears pink”. And, for this investigation, the study problem was guided by the following guiding question : What is the gender (re) presentation of girls and boys in academic events and in the Brazilian media? It aims to understand the gender stereotypes socially constructed for childhood, in relation to the places of girls and boys in contemporary times, from the manifesting content in digital media. The specific objectives: (i) describe the social construction process of childhood, (ii) identify toys, games and play as cultural artifacts inherent also in childhood, (iii) relate gender and childhood in contemporary times, and (iv) to analyze the stereotypes of (re) representations of toys, games and colors socially constructed for girls and boys, in the “etnotext” in digital media. Its method is qualitative research, based on the conception of ethnomethodology and critical ethno-research, ethno-research training, from a phenomenological perspective, as well as content analysis, from a theoretical-methodological perspective of the approach of cultural studies. Because according to Creswell (2007, p. 184) “qualitative research is fundamentally interpretative” and based on this principle, the phenomenon studied involved the interrelation of childhood and gender in the contemporary social context related to the places of girls and boys in the children's universe. It brings a bibliographic research to explore the concepts of childhood, child, sociology of childhood, playing, toys, games and gender, in which he also analyzed, to know the quantity of publications on these themes, articles published in two repositories of scientific events, of national and international nature: Proceedings of the National Education Congress (EDUCERE-PUCPR), period 2008-2017, and of the IV LusoBrazilian Symposium on Child Studies, held in 2018, Goiânia-GO. A total of 1,102 surveys were selected, 764 from the national event and 338 from the international event, captured using the following descriptors: “Infância, Criança, Sociologia da Infância”; “Play, Toy and Play” and “Gender, Girl and Boy, Pink and Blue”. The documentary research encompassed 12 (twelve) “etnotext” published in online newspapers, blogs and social networks that focus on gender stereotypes and their deconstruction, for the children's universe and three “etnotext” that emphasize the contemporary protagonism of children in digital media, through the blog “Frases de Crianças”. It results from an interpretation of the concepts of childhood sociology, toys, play, gender and child protagonism in contemporary times. As a result, this research marks the deconstruction of gender stereotypes built on the basis of prejudices related to “things for girls” and “things for boys” focusing on child protagonism, based on the perspective of childhood sociology. And he points out that, these cultural aspects reproduced socially can be part of dialogues in fields of scientific knowledge and social institutions, so that there is an overcoming of prejudices and gender stereotypes, in which they place “things of girls” and “things of boys”.