Educação em saúde de pescadores artesanais da região da Amazônia Legal: avaliação das parasitoses intestinais

Abstract

Parasitic diseases are a public health problem that are associated with poor basic sanitation conditions, minimal sanitary conditions, scarcity of health education and inadequate housing conditions, typical characteristics of vulnerable and neglected populations. Considering the fishing communities as a risk group for intestinal parasites, this study aims to estimate the prevalence of infection by enteroparasites, to relate it to the health, socioeconomic and demographic conditions of fishermen. And, to propose educational actions for the prevention of intestinal parasites in the colonies of fishermen in Ipueiras and Porto Real in the State of Tocantins. This is an epidemiological, descriptive, cross-sectional study of a quantitative character, which was carried out in fisheries colonies with the proposal of intervening with educational actions on hygiene habits, handling water and food for consumption. To identify intestinal parasites, stool samples were analyzed using the Hoffman method, in order to categorize the population profile of the participants, the Brazil Economic Classification Questionnaire collection instrument was used, which provided the basis for the preparation of the articles: Article I: Prevalence of intestinal nematode infections in Brazil: an epidemiological study with Global Burden Of Disease Data (GBD is a descriptive survey of data from the GBD study conducted in Brazil in 2017, aimed to describe the prevalence of intestinal nematode infections in humans in Brazil in the year 2017 with data cataloged in the GBD Result Article I: the prevalence of nematode infections in Brazil in the year 2017 averaged 4.93%, with a total of 10,438,802 cases. female, people aged 15 to 49 years had a higher prevalence of nematode infection Article II: Prevalence of infection entertainment by enteroparasites and socioeconomic characterization of artisanal fisheries colonies in Tocantins, a region of the Legal Amazon aimed to estimate the prevalence of infection by enteroparasites and to relate them to the sanitary, socioeconomic and demographic conditions of fishermen. This is an epidemiological, descriptive, cross-sectional study in accordance with the guidelines of the STROBE Declaration. Result article II: the index of negative samples was higher than that of samples of parasites or polyparasites. It was concluded that the fishing communities are needy communities, with low educational index, even so they have a low rate of infections by pathogenic intestinal parasitic infections. Article III: Experience report: health education process for the prevention of intestinal parasites in artisanal fishermen in Tocantins, region of the Legal Amazon, Brazil aimed to inform participants about the importance of preventive measures against intestinal parasites and how to carry them out mediated by a simple language with the production folder, video that were broadcast on social networks and WhatsApp groups of fishermen. Result article III: In view of the Pandemic by the new Coronavirus, the educational actions were carried out by making an educational video and folder that were made with animations and figures illustrated in cartoons with information about the importance of drinking treated water and how to use it. treating it, personal hygiene and care with food and household items so that fishermen could better understand the information provided by researchers and, thus, reduce exposure to new infections. All media were linked on the fishermen's social networks through the fishermen's WhatsApp corporate group, and the PESC-SAÚDE channel created on Youtube and Instagram with free access.