Crenças e saberes ecoculturais sobre o queimar e as queimadas: uma pesquisa de bairro no ponto focal urbano das queimas no Tocantins

Abstract

The fire accompanies the human societies about 1.5 million years ago and its first uses went for body warming, lighting, predator defense and cooking foods, and nowadays this phenomenon of nature also applies to incineration of materials, conducting physical-chemical tests, light effects and pasture cleaning. Through fire the burns are reached, that when planned and controlled by anthropic action are defined as burnees, but when uncontrollable amid vegetation are defined as wildfires. This research aims comprehend what beliefs and ecocultural knowledge that guide the practices of burning and burnees in the urban focal point at Tocantins with greatest historical record of hot spots, through survey of the historicity of fire in a sociocultural context, of the investigation of the sistematization of hot spots incidence in Tocantins with the practice of the burning, of the verification of the territorial profile of the greatest urban focal point record burnings in Tocantins, and, of the reationship of beliefs and ecocultural knowledge as for the burns, the burnees and the wildfires in this urban focal point. The methodology has character quali-quantitative, of explanatory typology according to objectives, with bibliographic search and document analysis as information sources, next of a real field research with questionnaire application for first data collection and subsequent interview, with application of the Substantiate Theory and practical studies through the Action-Research. There was also a description of my Field Diary as for application of questionnaire, realization of interview, and university extesion through Formation Course of Forest Brigadist. Through the theoretical framework it as verified that the urban focal point at Tocantins with greatest historical record of hot spots is the district Setor Lagoa da Ilha, at municipality of Lagoa da Confusão, and through of results and discussion it is concluded that the burns, burnees and wildfires are due to the cultural practice of burning cleaning, realized by men and women, in a brown majority ethnicity, majory over 30 years of age, with monthly income of up to R$ 1.000,00, diversified schooling, residence in the district of 2 to 10 years, which every year observe burns, and, whose presente and/or past practice is verified like uneven, however, these ecocultural subjects are not responsible by the extent of the burned area in the State of Tocantins.