Políticas para educação infantil na região do Jalapão e o regime de colaboração: condições legais e financeiras para o enfrentamento das desigualdades educacionais

Abstract

This dissertation presents the results of a research that sought to reflect on policies for early childhood education in the Jalapão region and the collaboration regime: legal and financial conditions to face educational inequalities, starting from the following question: how does the collaboration for the universalization of the right to early childhood education in the municipalities of the Jalapão - Tocantins region? Considering this problem, the study aimed to analyze, in the educational policies of municipalities in the Jalapão region, how the collaboration regime for the universalization of early childhood education occurs. In more specific terms, it seeks to: Know the trajectory of policies for early childhood education as a social right in Brazil; To characterize the collaboration regime and the role of municipalities in the context of universal education policies for early childhood education; Identify in the Municipal Education Plans (PME) of the municipalities in the Jalapão region the policies proposed for early childhood education under the collaboration regime and identify the (in) financial capacities of the educational management of the municipalities in the Jalapão region for universal education in the collaboration regime. It is a qualitative research, carried out through bibliographic and documentary research, with the period from 2015 to 2018, since in 2014 the National Education Plan, Law No. 13,005 / 2014 and, in 2015, the Municipal Education Plans of the municipalities of the Jalapão region were approved, which bring in the text of goal 01 the universalization of care for children aged 4 to 5 years who are enrolled in pre-school and attendance of at least 50% of children aged 0 to 3 years old at daycare. The results showed that the municipalities are dependent on the collaboration actions of the federal and state entities and survive on funds from FUNDEB, presenting several disabilities to, in a collaborative regime, manage to face educational inequalities and, thus, universalize early childhood education. Of the eight municipalities in the Jalapão region, early childhood education in day care, which serves children aged 0 to 3 years, is offered only in the municipalities of Novo Accord, Ponte Alta do Tocantins and Rio Sono. In relation to pre-school, it is offered by all municipalities, but they are not being able to universalize their service, according to the monitoring reports of SMEs, however they managed to increase enrollment numbers when compared to the period from 2015 to 2018. Such disabilities they are justified by the lack of resources and infrastructure to expand the offer of early childhood education.