Análise do plano municipal de saneamento básico do município de Araguanã, estado do Tocantins

Abstract

Given the precarious living conditions related to basic sanitation faced by the Brazilian population and socially unequal access to these services, municipal planning of sanitation services is an important step for its universalization, that is, the progressive expansion of access for all occupied households to basic sanitation. The Municipal Basic Sanitation Plan (PMSB) is the main planning instrument, and its elaboration became mandatory from the enactment of Law 11.445/2007, the National Basic Sanitation Guidelines Act (LDNSB). The aim of this work was to analyze the PMSB of a municipality of Tocantins, which, based on pre-established criteria, the municipality of Araguanã/TO was selected. Documentary analysis was used as a methodological procedure, using categories and subcategories of analysis focused on some of the fundamental principles of LDNSB: universality, equity, integrality, intersectionality and quality of public services. In the analysis of the Araguanã’s PMSB, what was found was that despite having met important subcategories regarding the provision of services in planning based on the principles of LDNSB, such as the provision of services in rural areas, the PMSB did not fully meet all categories of principles analyzed. For the principle of universality, the PMSB of Araguanã identified the alternative solutions used by the population without access to basic sanitation services but did not define universality as the PMSB principle and did not provide instruments for universalization. For equity, what was found is that in the PMSB this principle was little present in the actions, since many of the ways of contemplating equity were not foreseen in the Plan, such as the consideration of the social characteristics of the population in the definition of goals. As for integrality, the PMSB addressed the four basic sanitation services, providing for programs, projects and actions for each. On the other hand, the principle of intersectoriality was satisfactorily observed only for urban policies and risk and disaster prevention, and no means of articulation of sanitation policy with other related policies were satisfactorily provided. Among all categories, "quality of public services" had the least subcategories considered unmet, having been addressed the technical and operational conditions and maintenance of the services, as well as the regularity and continuity if their provision. Finally, recommendations were made for the time of review of the Plan and it was concluded that the incorporation of the principles of public policy of basic sanitation in the Plans takes place beyond the definition of the principle explicitly in its content, also requires an approach that considers the adoption of mechanisms, instruments and actions that effectively ensure them.