Legítima defesa e violência: uma análise do discurso midiático sobre o armamento civil

Abstract

This research shows a study that targets how mediatic discourse related to gun ownership, by civilians, occur. To this end, our work aims at describing and interpreting how the various discourses regarding public security are constituted, structured and reproduce meanings having, on media productions from Folha de São Paulo, Estado de São Paulo and Jornal do Tocantins, a space constituted by the embodiment of ideologies. Thus, the problematic of our work consists in answering the following question: how does the media manage the circulating discourses about civil armaments to the point of becoming a sort of regulator of these discourses? Given what is said, we bring the hypothesis that, in media discourse, the speaking subject (orator/enunciator) uses argumentative strategies to gain adhesion, reduce resistance, maintain power relations and embrace the enunciatee/audience in a discursive envelope built through the activation of pathetic elements that aim not only to inform, but, above all, to influence the other (CHARAUDEAU, 2005). In this perspective, we follow the theoretical assumptions of Discourse Analysis, derived from the line of Michel Pêcheux and his group. Regarding the collection of our corpus, we selected subjects in the virtual environment published by these newspapers from January 2018 to December of the same year, resulting in a total of nine subjects, three from each newspaper: Folha de São Paulo, O Estado de São Paulo and Jornal do Tocantins. For the collection of materials, we followed the criterion of regularity (FOUCAULT, 2008), which consists of determining “among the objects, the types of enunciation, the concepts, the thematic choices, an order in their successive appearance” (FOUCAULT, 2008, p 43). The selection criterion was, therefore, the discursiveness of the weaponry of the civilian population. The work consists of three chapters. In the first, we delimit and explain some theoretical concepts developed throughout the work. In the second chapter, we look back on the literature on the weaponry of the civilian population, in order to situate ourselves on the frontier where the said, the sayable and the silenced constitute discourses about, within the game of discursive formations, interpretation and ideology. Finally, in the third chapter, we carry out the selected analyses. We believe that this research can allow a greater exposure of the opacity of media texts about civil weapons, interpreting the words of the journalistic publications' discourse, so that they do not speak in their place.