Dyaspora haitianos no Brasil, Voye Kòb e famílias no Haiti: vínculos sociais, múltiplas estratégias de reprodução e dyasporização

Abstract

This thesis is a historicizing/historicized and objectivizing/objectivized research that seeks to understand differently than other research why Haitian immigrants (dyaspora) who living in Brazil send money (voye kòb) to their families and friends living in Haiti. I use the notions and theories of Bourdieusian economic sociology and those of the sociology of migration to conduct sociological research on the dyaspora of the Haitian community in the Metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. In this research, I use questionnaire interview, participant objectivation, and in-depth interview. The results show that Haitian emigration and the reality of voye kòb are not uprooted and de-historicized from society; they are not natural. They do not depend on economic aspects that tend to de-historicize them. On the contrary, they are social constructions that can be historicized or re-historicized. They are the result of Strategies of social reproduction and reconversion, thought and carried out by Haitian families as ways of social and economic insertion not only in Haiti as Social space of origin, but also in Brazil as Social space of destination. The results of the research allow me to redefine the notion dyaspora from an emic point of view, from the study of the links between Haitian immigrants and the country of origin. Dyaspora is a notion that reflects a reality; it is a social construct that serves as a prestigious social status for Haitians residing aletranje, regardless of the country of residence. The data show the money sent (voye kòb) by the dyaspora to their families has a utilitarian meaning. This is a major finding of the research. However, the most important of the research findings is that the data show that by the fact of voye kòb, the dyaspora dyasporize themselves more and consequently are positively sanctioned in prestige, symbolic capital, recognition. The dyaspora who do not voye kòb without justifying the reasons are negatively sanctioned by dyaspora bouda chire, engra and manfouben; they disqualify themselves in the Haitian transnational social Space and are de dyasporized especially by the agents of the Social space of origin. Finally, the results allow me to say that the dyaspora voye kòb so that they can maintain the prestigious status of dyaspora that also helps them to exist socially in Haiti.