Utilização de Fungos Endofíticos de Sucupira Branca no controle alternativo do Mal-do-Panamá na cultura da Banana e potencial biotecnológico.

Abstract

The banana (Musa sp.) Is a fruit of Asian origin, belongs to the family Musaceae. It is rich in vitamins type A, B and C, minerals, and abundant in carbohydrates, proteins, fats possessing low caloric content. It has great applications in the food industry, in the production of ice cream, shake, whole wafer, sweets. The green fruit flour, is used in the manufacture of whole wheat bread, cakes and whole Browne. One of the main diseases that attack the banana crop in Brazil, directly influencing productivity is the pan-mal, caused by the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium sp. As an alternative control, microbial agents, plant extracts, fungal extracts and essential oils have been used as fungicidal agents. Therefore, the present work aimed to evaluate the potential inhibition of endophytic fungi of sucupira (Pterodon emarginatus) and essential oil of sucupira seeds against phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium sp. And to evaluate the stimulus of phytoalexin production in the sorghum culture and in the soybean crop, using endophytic fungi as a treatment. In vitro experiments were performed in triplicate, selecting 15 endophytes, 8 cm diameter Petri dishes containing BDA culture medium. Two discs were placed on opposite sides of the Petri dish, one containing endophytic mycelia and the other containing mycelium of the phytopathogenic fungus, incubated in BOD at 28 ° C in a 12-hour photoperiod. As control, distilled water and a disk of mycelium of Fusarium sp. For treatment with sucupira essential oil in induction of phytoalexins, five concentrations were tested (50,000, 10,000, 5,000, 2,500 and 1,250 μg mL-1) and fungal extracts only. In the antagonism, 9 endophytic fungi presented satisfactory results, with the Pe5a clear and dark Pe5a fungi overlapping the pathogen 100%. For the tests performed with white sucupira oil, the% inhibition was 80% of the spores of the fungus Fusarium sp. In the production of phytoalexins in sorghum and soybean the Pe2d extract was the one that presented the best result, being greater than the positive control Biozyme®. In sorghum, using the essential oil there was no maximum value obtained. In soybean the maximum value obtained was in the concentration of (50,000 μg mL-1). The results obtained were good, which led to a deepening of studies and research focused on biotechnology, for other economically viable purposes.