Associação entre o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados com nível socioeconômico, atividade física e de consciência plena ao comer em pacientes com hipertensão arterial sistêmica

Abstract

Systemic arterial hypertension (HAS) is responsible for about 7% of the complications of diseases worldwide and diet is one of the modifiable risk factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of consumption of ultraprocessed foods with socioeconomic level, physical activity and mindfulness while eating in patients with HAS. This is a substudy of the national research “Effectiveness of a Nutritional Strategy for Blood Pressure Control in Patients with Systemic Arterial Hypertension, Users of the Unified Health System (SUS): “NUPRESS” study. Only baseline data were collected from the patients, such as: anthropometric measurements, physical activity, socioeconomic level, mindfulness while eating, and blood pressure. Food consumption was assessed using the 24-hour recall and all foods were classified according to NOVA. Multinomial Logistic Regression was performed to assess predictors of consumption of ultraprocessed foods. The sample consisted of 365 individuals, 60.5% of whom were female and with a mean age of 52.4 years (range 25 to 82 years). Most (59.4%) were classified as having low levels of physical activity and 84.1% of patients were overweight (25.5% overweight and 58.6% obese). Ultraprocessed foods contributed 16.3% of total energy. We observed an association of the highest tertile of caloric consumption of ultraprocessed foods with age and total energy. In the final model, we observed an association between age in tertile 3, and socioeconomic level in tertiles 2 and 3. There was no association between the consumption of ultraprocessed products and patients' mindfulness when eating. Younger people with better socioeconomic status are more likely to consume more ultra-processed products.