Acúmulo de lipídios intracelulares e imobilização de lipase por Candida viswanathii: potencial para hidrólise de gordura de frango

Abstract

The aim of this work was to evaluate the culture conditions for lipase production and lipid accumulation by yeast Candida viswanathii using different carbon sources and nitrogen under submerged conditions; and to immobilize the lipase produced in alginate and to evaluate its potential for poultry fat hydrolysis in basket type bioreactor. Submerged cultures under nitrogen-limiting conditions with different sources of pure or complex lipids showed that C. viswanathii accumulated 44% intracellular lipid in triolein and 39% in olive oil using yeast extract as a source of nitrogen. Under these conditions, lipase production was 26.78 U/ml using olive oil and 23,6 U/ml with triolein. Ammonium nitrate inhibited lipase production in 48% with triolein and 69% wiht olive oil. In addition, analysis of fatty acids showed a predominance of oleic acid (C18:1), in proportions of 69.31, 60.69 and 68.84%, for olive oil, glucose and olive oil/glucose, respectively. The influence of drop diameter and alginate concentration was studied, obtaining the best 2 mm diameter and 2% alginate concentration, with enzymatic activity of 13.42 U/g and 28.0 U/g , respectively. Sodium alginate was used in its conventional form and modified with glutaraldehyde, polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethylcellulose, and the alginate in the conventional form gave the best results, obtaining 28.6 U/g and more than 50% activity after 15 cycles of reuse. The free and encapsulated lipase characterization of C. viswanathii revealed an optimal activity temperature of 35 °C for the encapsulated enzyme and in the 40-45 °C range for free lipase on the hydrolysis of p-NPP. On the hydrolysis of poultry fat, both free and encapsulated enzyme presented optimum temperature of activity at 40 ºC. As for thermal stability, the free enzyme presented good stability up to 12 h of incubation at temperatures of 30 and 40 ºC. The encapsulated enzyme was stable in up to 72 hours of incubation at the same temperatures. The free enzyme showed increased activity in the presence of NH4Cl and CaCl2 (117.50% and 111.25%, respectively). In addition, the encapsulated lipase presented increased activity with all the ions analyzed, being CaCl2 (152.94%), NH4Cl (145.88%), BaCl2 (144.12%) and NaCl (138.24%). In relation to the hydrolysis, it was observed that both the free and encapsulated enzyme presented higher hydrolytic activity after 96 hours of incubation, in which the encapsulated enzyme obtained 34.66% hydrolysis and the free enzyme obtained 17.91% hydrolysis. Thus, yeast Candida viswanathii proved to be efficient both for lipid accumulation and for lipase production under the established conditions. In addition, the encapsulated enzyme presented good stability and potential for application in poultry fat hydrolysis.