Fatores de risco na mortalidade de pacientes brasileiros hospitalizados com Covid-19: clínicos, sociais, econômicos e regionais

Abstract

In the year 2020, Brazil occupied third place worldwide in case numbers and second place in deaths from Covid-19. Understanding the factors of risk, social inequality and ethnic health is of paramount importance, according to population multiplicity and its political and economic weaknesses. The context of Brazil has presented gravity in the outbreak, for social and economic factors and its complex racial composition. The objective of this research was to define the risk factors of mortality from patients who need hospitalization during the infection of the Covid-19 virus, based on their economic, social and epidemiological characteristics. Public data of 1,956,350 epidemiological records of Brazilian patients who sought hospital care at the COVID-19 pandemic from February/2020 to May/2021 were used. Descriptive statistics allowed to quantify the impact of the pandemic, demonstrating the differences between regions, ethnicities, ages and the registered comorbidities. For prediction analysis, the logistics regression method was used. The related factors of the patient evolve to death, considering his comorbidities and social factors, primarily his relative income and if illiterate were evaluated. Chances of death are higher among patients with comorbidities, neurological (1.99) and renal (1.97) diseases and immunodeficiency disorders (1.69). While relative income (2,45) indicates that social factors have greater influence on mortality than the studied comorbidities. Patients’ resident in the northern region has a greater chance of mortality than those of the Center-South. We conclude that the socioeconomic circumstances, which were also extremely significant, had a stronger impact on the risks of covid-19 mortality in Brazil during the study period than naturally occurring (neurological, kidney and immunodeficiency diseases). Since more people are susceptible to impoverished circumstances, regional variables in mortality rates are important.