Estudo da toxicidade pré clínica do extrato bruto etanólico de Piper Aduncum

Abstract

Medicinal plants are worldwide used, the use of these plants is based on the knowledge of populations prophilatic and therapeutic pourposes, requiring proof of pharmacological actions and safety of use. Due to the diversity of bioactive compounds that have chemical activities, they become the focus of research contributing to the production of new drugs used today. The bioassays are carried out to evaluate the possible toxic effects of the vegetal products, being preliminary test in vitro, of the in vivo assays. P. aduncum is a plant used empirically in forms of teas, infusions, food and as repellents, however, the toxicological potential does not seem to be fully elucidated. The objective of this work was to evaluate in vitro the toxicological potential of the ethanolic crude extract of P. aduncum through pre-clinical tests and to determine the lowest toxic dose in bioassays for future tests in repellency and bioinsecticide. The test was caried out with crude ethanolic extract at concentrations of 100 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml e 1 μg/ml. To determine the LC50, tests were performed with nauplii of A. salina and demonstrated the crude extract of P. aduncum can be considered toxic, since at a concentration of 10 μg/ml there was a lethality of 56.6% of the nauplii, and as the concentration of the crude extracts increased, there was a greater lethality of microcrustaceans. The Allium cepa antiproliferative test is indicated to evaluate cellular alterations, an important initial toxicological bioindicator. Moreover, there is antiproliferative action in the group of 100 μg/ml inhibiting root growth, presenting cytotoxic potential. Erythrocyte osmotic fragility is used as a biomarker of oxidative stress of the erythrocyte membrane in contact with toxic substances. It was tested the interaction of the crude P. aduncum extract with the membrane of human erythrocytes at increasing concentrations of NaCl from 0.12% to 0.9%. The concentrations of the analyzed extract do not have a toxic effect on the erythrocyte membrane. The allelopathic potential of crude P. aduncum extract against lettuce seeds through total seed germination and the germination speed index. Concentrations of the tested P. aduncum extracts do not present significant allelopathic potential, meaning they reduce the root germination process at the highest concentration tested. The concentrations of crude extract of P. aduncum demonstrate toxic potential in cell development.