Alterações metabólicas e deficiências nutricionais em pacientes com reganho de peso após 2 anos da cirurgia bariátrica.

Abstract

Bariatric surgery is the most effective method for losing excess weight and controlling morbidity. Despite the marked loss, 2 years after surgery, weight regain can occur, as well as nutritional deficiencies. Objective: To evaluate the association of nutritional deficiencies and metabolic alterations with body weight regain in patients who underwent bariatric surgery for at least 2 years. Methods: Cross-sectional study with patients who underwent bariatric surgery through the Unified Health System for at least 2 years. Anthropometric data (weight, height, BMI), weight loss and regain, metabolic changes (lipidogram, blood glucose, HOMA-IR), nutritional deficiencies (vitamin D, B9, B12, iron and zinc), and use of supplementation were analyzed. Results: The final sample consisted of 68 patients, and of these, 80.9% were female, 69.1% were obese, 95.5% had some weight regain, with 42.6% regained >15%. We observed that 66.1%, 22.7%, 22% and 14.8% of the sample had vitamin D, zinc, iron and vitamin deficiencies. B12, and 37.3% had anemia. Iron and zinc deficiency, as well as changes in HOMA-IR and triglycerides values were associated with body weight regain. Conclusion: There was body weight regain in most of the sample after 2 years of bariatric surgery, and this was associated with some nutritional deficiencies and metabolic changes.