Eficiência de estirpes rizobianas sob doses de fósforo em duas cultivares de feijão-caupi

Abstract

Cowpea beans, through symbiosis with bacteria of the genus Bradyrhizobium, can obtain nitrogen through the biological fixation process of N2 (BNF). Nodulation and BNF are influenced by edaphoclimatic factors that can bring benefits or losses to the process. The availability of nutrients is among the main factors influencing BNF and, among the main nutrients that influence this process, phosphorus is cited. The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield of cowpea cultivars as a function of nitrogen fixing strains associated or not with phosphate fertilization, in the southern state of Tocantins under greenhouse conditions and in the field. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse and in the field, one with the cowpea bean cultivar BRS Nova Era and the other BRS Sempre Verde with four strains of rhizobium plus a treatment without bacteria, associated or not To 6 doses of phosphorus. The experimental design was a randomized block design, arranged in a factorial scheme 5 x 6. In the field treatments were arranged in a randomized block design under a factorial arrangement 3 x 6, the first factor being two strains of rhizobia and A treatment without and the second factor six doses of P2O5 with 4 replicates. The doses consisted of 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg ha-1 of P2O5, applied at sowing. The characteristics evaluated in greenhouse were plant height, diameter of lap, dry mass of shoot, dry mass of roots, number of nodules, dry mass of nodules. The characteristics evaluated in the field were: total chlorophyll, shoot dry mass, weight of one hundred seeds, productivity and total nitrogen in shoot. The strains studied, whether or not associated with phosphorus doses, increased plant height, stem diameter, dry shoot mass, root dry mass for the two bean cultivars BRS Nova Era and BRS Sempre Verde. For the field-to-cv. BRS sempre verde the most indicated strain is INPA 03-11B; For cv. BRS Vinagre strain BR 3299 was more efficient. The dose of phosphorus that conditioned the maximum agronomic efficiency ranged from 70 to 110 kg ha-1.