Utilização de casca de soja e milho inteiro ou moído como alternativa na dieta de bovinos machos super jovens.

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of soybean hulls and whole or ground corn in the diet of crossbred dairy animals. In the experiment 1, the effects of the use of two levels of soybean hulls in the diet (0 and 400.1 g / kg) and of whole or ground maize, in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, on the digestibility of the diets and on the Performance and blood indicators of crossbred dairy calves during the lactation phase. Newborn calves weighing 33.01 kg initial weight were fed the experimental concentrates at will and received four liters of milk per day until reaching 60 days of age. The use of soybean hull increased fiber consumption and digestibility in neutral detergent and reduced the nonfibrous carbohydrate levels of the diet and total digestible nutrients, which were also reduced by the use of whole corn. There was no effect of the factors on the digestibility of the diets, the weight gain of the animals, the blood indicators or on the costs associated with feeding. In experiment 2, the effect of exclusive concentrate diets containing the inclusion of two levels of soybean hulls (0 and 500.8 g / kg) and whole or ground corn, in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, on the performance, behavior, blood indicators, and carcass and meat characteristics of crossbred dairy calves that during lactation had no access to bulky feed. The 108 days old calves were confined during 177 days, after 21 days of adaptation, and slaughtered at 9.6 months. At 8.5 months calves behavior was assessed during a period of 48 hours. At the end of the experimental period animals were slaughtered in commercial abattoir, and carcass and meat characteristics were evaluated. Corn physical form did not affect nutrients digestibility and consumption. Soybean hulls increased apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, reduced the content of total digestible nutrients of the diet, reduced the feed efficiency and the costs associated with weight gain. The rumination time was not influenced by any of the factors, however, bolus chewing time and the number of chews per bolus was higher for animals fed diets containing whole corn. The use of soybean hulls increased the bolus chewing time and reduced the number of bolus chewed per day. There was no variation in slaughter and carcass weight, however, interaction was observed for carcass yield. The use of soybean hulls increased Longissimus lumborum area and muscle deposition in the carcass. There was no treatment effect on the main carcass qualitative characteristics, however, the meat produced by the animals was very tender. The use of soybean hulls and whole or ground corn enables the production of quality meat and does not affect the main carcass quantitative traits.