Análises morfoanatômicas de raízes de plantas de DE Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. ex Hayne expostas a diferentes doses de glifosato

Abstract

The accelerated development of agriculture in recent years has increased the need for the use of pesticides, including glyphosate, a potent herbicide efficient in controlling plants classified as weeds. One of the biggest problems with spraying pesticides in many areas of cultivation is the drift of these substances to non-target plants, causing serious problems in native vegetation adjacent to plantations of agronomic interest. Jatobá-do-cerrado, Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. Ex Hayne, is a native Cerrado species belonging to the Fabaceae family and may be affected by pesticide drift. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate morphoanatomical responses in roots of Hymenaea stigonocarpa plants exposed to different doses of glyphosate. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, consisting of the control (0) and 3 different doses of glyphosate herbicide (200, 400 and 800 g i.a. ha-1) in which the plants were submitted. Analyzes of the external morphology and anatomy of the jatobá-do-cerrado roots were carried out. A reduction in the volume, size and fresh mass of the roots of the plants was observed. There were alterations in the anatomy of the roots in the two highest doses of the herbicide applied, such as necrosis, distortion in the cell wall of the cortex cells and cellular disorganization in meristematic regions, reduction of starch accumulation, in addition to the presence of contents similar to phenolic compounds. Thus, it can be concluded that glyphosate caused changes in the roots after exposure of the aerial part of Hymenaea stigonocarpa plants.