Educação e desigualdades sociais no cenário capitalista neoliberal: uma visão bourdiesiana

Abstract

With the advent of neoliberalism and the modernization of Brazilian society, one can see the growth of socio-educational inequalities between social classes. Such indices occur in a stratified society, which legitimize the interests of the ruling classes over the working class, segregating access to opportunities in positions of power and educational development. These interests, motivated by survival and financial immediacy, present in the Brazilian historical trajectory, in addition to the exclusion from the educational system to which a large portion of society (working class) was doomed, come into contradiction with the support and influence of individuals from the ruling classes. In other cases, the lack of family education, as well as little access to knowledge, values and concepts, may alienate an individual through cultural capital belonging to the ruling class. Understanding about education and social inequalities in the neoliberal capitalist scenario in a Bourdieusian view, is to understand conceptions that identify points about the social situation, which influence the permanence indexes, grades and approvals of individuals. In this sense, the problem that we seek to investigate goes through the following question: What are the relationships between the function of the school, class structures and social inequalities in the capitalist context? The general objective of this article is to verify the existing relationships between the role of the school in class structures. As specific objectives we have: study theorists for the proposed discussions; observe the concept of class in the neoliberal scenario, to understand socio-educational inequalities; discuss the conditions of social participation of the subject in education. The research with a bibliographic and qualitative approach, reflected on books and articles, which could contribute to the theoretical support, as well as the generation of results. The study indicated that the concepts exposed here are essential for understanding the educational differences between the ruling class and the working class. A Bourdieusian view of the existing circumstances enables the reader to understand how environmental factors, habitus, class and financial issues make opportunities unfeasible and influence an individual's success in the educational aspect.