Análise da ocorrência, diversidade e eficiência do controle de fungos em um ambiente hospitalar veterinário

Abstract

ABSTRACT - In a hospital environment, it is possible to find a huge variety of potentially pathogenic microorganisms that can cause various diseases in patients. Hygiene practices and surface cleaning practices are essential to control the spread of pathogens in this environment. To promote decontamination and disinfection of the environment, broad-spectrum chemicals must be used, which have little interference from organic matter, diluted correctly in accordance with the Standard Operating Procedures for Hygiene and Disinfection. Studies on fungi in veterinary hospital environments are scarce, and almost non-existent, therefore, the general objective of the research is to evaluate the presence and fungical diversity and to evaluate the effectiveness of disinfection in the pre-anesthetic medication room (MPA) and in the surgical center (SC) of a university veterinary clinic, located in the north of Tocantins. Samples were collected from objects belonging to MPA and CC, using swabs, before and immediately after the environmental cleaning procedures. In the laboratory, the samples were cultivated in two culture media: sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and potato dextrose agar (BDA), added with 5% chloramphenicol for isolation and purification of the fungi. Then, the microorganisms were classified according to their macroscopic morphology, being grouped into morphotypes and subjected to microculture for taxonomic elucidation. The results were analyzed by percentage, chi-square test and diversity analysis using the Simpson (1-D), Shannon (H’) and Margalef (DMg) diversity index. In total, 168 Colony Forming Units (CFU) were isolated, 123 before cleaning and 45 after cleaning; 53 isolated in BDA and 115 in SDA, 124 from MPA and 44 from CC. Of this total, 106 CFU were dermatophytes, representing 63% of the total sample and 28 were anemophiles (16.7%). The collection site that presented the highest number of isolates in the MPA and CC was the cabinet where 80 UFCs and 22 UFCs were isolated, respectively. On the other hand, samples collected from the MPA pissette and handle and the CC surgical focus did not show fungal growth. From the chi-square test it was observed that anemophilic fungi, such as Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium showed greater affinity for growth in PDA (p<0.05), while Trichophyton showed better growth in SDA (p<0. 05). From the alpha diversity calculations, the diversity, uniformity and richness of fungal species was greater in the MPA after cleaning (1-D = 0.69; H' = 1.433; DMg = 1.406) and in the CC before cleaning (1-D = 0.7892; H' = 1.76; DMg = 1.642). The results should be monitored with concern, since in the MPA after cleaning, fungal diversity increased and there was no statistically significant difference before and after cleaning in the environments (p>0.05), thus demonstrating that cleaning is not being effective. As these spaces play a critical role in the health of animals, it is up to the cleaning team and local managers to develop an action plan to inhibit the growth of fungi, establish standards for diluting antiseptics, and carry out internal quality controls through testing. frequent microbiological tests and conduct periodic training on the importance of effective surface cleaning.