Plataformização do trabalho: entregadores e motoristas de aplicativo, leitura da cidade e do trabalho em Araguaína-TO

Abstract

Platformization emerged from changes in the world of work, referenced in the capitalist mode of production. In Araguaína, a medium-sized city located in the north of Tocantins, we have several application companies operating, whether via delivery or car transfer services, including: Mais Delivery; Tonolucro Delivery; Ifood; Funeco Delivery; Maxim; In Move; Urban 66; In Drive. The present work sought to study the work dynamics of delivery people and app drivers, in the city of Araguaína/TO, coordinated by digital platforms, being affiliated with discussions that permeate the foundations of work platformization, as well as social vulnerability, and to Therefore, we are especially affiliated with the theorizations of Ricardo Antunes and Robert Castel. The general objective of the work was to understand the dynamics of platformed work in the municipality of Araguaína/TO, focusing on the specific case of delivery people and app drivers, considering that this can be understood as part of the services offered in the city, seeking to think about whether vulnerability occurs of social protection. As specific objectives, we seek: to problematize the situation/condition of platform workers (delivery workers and drivers) demonstrating their trajectories in the world of work, their working hours, their remuneration standards, their professional qualifications, their life expectations related to work, their identification of places of residence, their distribution by age, race and sex; analysis of what app workers read about the city of Araguaína/TO; discuss whether the labor reform, established by Law 13,467/17, corroborated the flexibilization and precariousness of labor relations, focused on in this research. To this end, 10 (ten) interviews were carried out with social actors (delivery men and drivers), which were authorized and recorded using a mobile device, and transcribed using the Nurc project notation, based on the application of semi-structured questionnaires individually. To analyze the interview data, content analysis was used. In all interviews, the insecurity and instability in carrying out the work remained evident. Precarious working conditions, lack of support and protection from application companies were observed, leading participants to uncertainty regarding safety and protection in this activity. Therefore, it was extremely important to know the work dynamics and reality of delivery people and app drivers in the city of Araguaína. We also believe that the information contained in this work is of great relevance to the population, as well as to companies that promote the platformization of work, in order to understand and implement aspects relating to the safety and protection of their workers in their activities.