Simulação realísticas em primeiros socorros como estratégia de ensino para professores e funcionários da educação básica

Abstract

Introduction: Accidents in school environments are common, and various literatures point to the difficulties faced by teachers and staff in providing appropriate assistance in these situations. In 2018, Law 13.722/18, known as the "Lucas Law," was enacted, making first aid training mandatory for teachers and staff of public and private schools in basic education and children's recreation. Objective: To assess whether realistic simulation improves the first aid knowledge of teachers and staff in basic education. Methodology: This is a quasi-experimental study based on a pre- and post- intervention design, with pre- and post-educational intervention observations, conducted at a public school in the municipality of Palmas – TO, from January to June 2024. The study used instruments for participant characterization to identify sociodemographic factors, evaluated through a questionnaire on economic classification criteria developed by the Brazilian Association of Market Research Companies (ABEP), supplemented with information on professional training and experiences in both theoretical and practical first aid. Pre- and post-intervention observations were conducted using a knowledge assessment instrument containing 20 multiple-choice questions on first aid topics. Results: Most of the teachers and pedagogues 29 (72,5%), were female 32 (80%), aged between 30 and 50 years 30 (75%), with children 32 (80%), and had undergraduate and graduate-level education 24 (60%), with years of service ranging from 1 to 25, showing a homogeneous distribution. However, the majority 26 (65%) had never participated in first aid courses, and those who had attended did so using traditional methods with a training load of 2 to 4 hours, which participants considered insufficient. The most commonly reported incidents in the school environment were fever and anxiety attacks, followed by fainting and vomiting. Almost 100% of the first aid topics covered showed a significant improvement (≤ 0.01) in the post-test, with 18 (90%) of the questions having an accuracy rate above 70%, and 10 (50%) exceeding 92%, with special mention for thermal burns, which had a 97.2% accuracy rate. One question on anaphylactic reactions had an accuracy rate below 42% in the post-test. Conclusion: The incorporation of realistic simulation (RS) into first aid learning strategies enhanced knowledge assimilation, demonstrating the effectiveness of the active method by significantly increasing the accuracy rate of school professionals in emergency situations.