Aproveitamento inteligente de resíduos secos agrícolas: otimização logística para a produção de biocombustíveis de segunda geração (2G)

Abstract

This research investigates the use of agricultural residues in the production of second- generation (2G) biofuels as a viable solution to contemporary energy and environmental challenges. Agricultural residues, being abundant and low-cost, offer an opportunity for the generation of renewable energy, contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and presenting a sustainable alternative to non-renewable sources. The study aims to analyze the challenges, strategies, impacts and perspectives of the logistics management of these residues in the production of 2G biofuels, proposing an operational model for logistics optimization. The methodology included a literature review on pretreatment methods, such as milling and pyrolysis, which are crucial to increase the efficiency of biomass conversion. In addition, data on agricultural production in Tocantins were collected and a model was developed to optimize the location of production plants in the state. The analysis indicated that nine 2G biofuel facilities would be ideal, with an estimated total cost of R$ 18 billion, including construction and transportation throughout the useful life of the units. Alternative scenarios were developed to address potential constraints in the locations suggested by the mathematical model. The results demonstrate that the conversion of agricultural residues into 2G biofuels not only offers environmental benefits, but can also create economic opportunities for farmers and society. The creation of a market for these biofuels could generate additional income for producers and boost the socioeconomic development of the state. However, the transition still faces significant challenges, such as high transportation costs and the need for public policies to encourage the use of biofuels.