Valorização de biomassas residuais da amazônia legal: caminhos para a transição energética justa

Abstract

The Legal Amazon holds a vast wealth of lignocellulosic biomasses, many with still underexplored technological properties. In this context, this study investigated the valorization of three abundant residual biomasses derived from fruits widely consumed by local communities: baru husk (BH), cupuaçu husk (CH), and pequi seed (PS). The objective was to explore three utilization scenarios, aiming for the efficient use of different biomass components to obtain high-value added bioproducts. This study addresses the valorization of residual biomasses from the Legal Amazon, sourced from fruits such as baru, cupuaçu, and pequi, with the aim of converting them into high-value bioproducts and fostering a circular economy. Initially, the biomasses were subjected to slow pyrolysis at 650 °C, yielding biochar and bio-oil. The biochar from cupuaçu husks (CH) stood out for its high fixed carbon content (80.65%) and surface area of 298.05 m2/g, while the bio-oil from baru husks (BH) and pequi kernels (PS), rich in phenolic compounds, proved particularly promising with over 60% phenolics. Subsequently, the biochars were modified for the removal of arsenic (V) from aqueous effluents, achieving an efficiency exceeding 90% under all tested conditions and demonstrating the viability of the method for use in resource-limited contexts. Finally, the research explored the production of renewable hydrogen (bio-H2) through Aqueous- Phase Reforming (APR). The combined strategy of hydrothermal pre-treatment and APR proved highly effective, optimizing hydrogen production and reaching substantial yields, with pequi kernels (PS) notably achieving 53.1 mmol H2/g biomass. In summary, the results obtained attest to the significant potential of these Amazonian residues for the production of bioproducts and clean energy, outlining a promising path for the region's sustainable development and just energy transition.