Avaliação do risco para pé diabético: contribuição de um curso de extensão em plataforma digital

Abstract

Diabetic foot (PD) is an infection, ulceration or tissue destruction of the feet of people with diabetes mellitus (DM), and its occurrence is associated with peripheral neuropathy and peripheral arterial disease, either alone or in combination. Objectives: the general one consisted of analyzing the contribution of an extension course on risk assessment of diabetic foot in people with DM, using a digital platform. On the other hand, the specific ones: to verify the knowledge of undergraduate nursing students about the assessment of risks of diabetic foot, before and after an extension course on assessment of risk of diabetic foot; identify the facilitating and hindering factors in the teaching-learning process, specifically related to the method and technology used in that course; and, to evaluate the opinion of the course participants about the nursing assessment for the prevention of diabetic foot before and after their participation in the extension course. Methodology: It is a quasi-experimental study, with a qualitative and quantitative approach, where an extension course was offered on the assessment of the risk of diabetic foot, with before and after evaluation, using the platform "Google Classroom or Google Classroom", having as target population academics of Nursing courses. Data was collected via Google's virtual form, and the final sample consisted of four students. Quantitative data were tabulated using Microsoft® Excel software, and descriptive analysis was performed. The process of analysis and synthesis of qualitative data was carried out in the light of the methodological framework of content analysis. For this purpose, data were organized and categorized using Microsoft® Word software. Results: It was identified that in the questions about the Semmes-Weinstein esthesiometer and about the protective sensitivity, 50% of the students increased the correct answers and 25% kept the correct answers. In the questions focused on cleaning the monofilament, recommended tuning fork, thermal sensitivity, evaluation with manual Doppler and ankle-arm index, 75% of the students increased the number of correct answers. Thus, the students obtained a positive increase in performance, when comparing the before and after of each student, since the previous average percentage of correct answers was 57.81% and became 85.94%. Still, the percentage of “did not know how to answer” decreased. Regarding the need for nursing assessment, in addition to addressing the importance of assessment for early identification of risk factors in the pre- and post-course, in the post-test they highlighted the importance of qualification from the academy and the use of instruments in the assessments. The punctuated hindering aspect was the distraction by the use of the cell phone and the facilitators were: recorded classes and made available online, organization of classes and the use of images/illustrations. Final considerations: The results

showed that the extension course on risk assessment for diabetic foot contributed to the training process of students, being observed by the increase in the performance of nursing students in questions about risk assessment for diabetic foot. The students' considerations regarding the facilitating and hindering aspects can serve as a guide for the improvement of new extension courses.