Zoneamento ambiental da área da unidade de conservação Tiúba em Palmas-TO para embasar a sua implantação como parque linear

Abstract

During the development of studies for the creation of the Participatory Master Plan of Palmas in 2007, there was a finding of depreciation and illegal occupation of green areas and riparian forests. Therefore the government turned the green areas bordering waterways in Units of Conservation (UC). However, it cannot be said that the areas, as they are currently, are reaching the natural resource conservation objectives expected for a UC, since what is seen is the illegal occupation of green areas, the population is using some of these areas for inadequate disposal of solid waste and during the dry season they are hit by fires. This study was designed in order to prepare the environmental zoning of the proposed area of the UC Tiúba in Palmas, taking into account the coverage and land use, environmental fragilities and the environmental impact assessment of the area, to support the decision in the implementation process of this UC, created by Complementary Law No. 155 of December 28, 2007. This law established that this UC should be framed within two years from its approval, yet this framework has not occurred. The UC Tiúba is located in the Tiúba stream margins and its tributaries and in part of the UHE Luís Eduardo Magalhães lakeshore. This study proposes the creation of linear park category for Tiúba Conservation Unit. The linear park has different characteristics from a conventional urban park because it is associated with waterways. In the case of Palmas, as a planned city, this intention to implement a linear park is part of the origin of the project and the city's design; It lacks only the implementation of effective legal instruments to establish its official definition and demarcation. The environmental zoning is one of the major management tools of a UC, because the area is bordered in homogeneous zones which provide guidance that organizes the use of natural resources and the land use and occupation in defined units. Thus, the area was divided into four areas: Zone of Water Resources Margins Protection (ZWRMP), Zone of Special Protection (ZSP), Zone of Controlled Occupation (ZCO) and Zone of Recovery (ZR). Two zones aim to protect the margins of water resources and areas with native vegetation, a temporary zone to ensure the recovery of areas that are degraded and the other zone to promote the development in a sustainable manner through the controlled occupation of the area. All negative environmental impacts identified in the studied area are reversible, but it is necessary to adopt mitigation measures. The first step is to regularize the implementation of UC Tiúba through a decree, define and delimit its polygon, and making the management plan taking into account the environmental zoning proposed in this study.