Análise da propagação e desenvolvimento inicial in vitro, e aclimatização de Brassavola Martiana Lindl (Orchidaceae)

Abstract

The Orchidaceae family presents immense taxonomic, biochemical, physiological and genetic diversity. For this reason, there is no single model that allows the success of in vitro propagation for all species and varieties. Thus, the objective of this work was to study aspects involved in the propagation, initial in vitro development and acclimatization of Brassavola martiana Lindl., A species occurring in the state of Tocantins. The effects of the cultivation media of Knudson C [KC], Vacin and Went [VW] and Murashige and Skoog at the concentrations of 100 and 50% of their macronutrients [MS and ½MS] on initial in vitro germination and development. The influence of seed age on the germination process was also analyzed. The effects of different concentrations of sucrose (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 6%) as well as naphthaleneacetic acid (ANA) and benzyladenine (BA) were evaluated in combinations of 0; 0.57; and 2.28 μM in plant multiplication and development, in separate experiments. It was also verified the possibility of multiplying the species by means of stretched cauline segments. Finally, a protocol for the acclimatization of B. martiana was developed using commercial substrates. The ½MS medium was the most promising for the germination of B. martiana, while the KC was the best for the development of protocormos and formation of new plants. To obtain germinability higher than 60%, it is recommended to use seeds at least 7 months old. The addition of 3% sucrose to the culture medium favored multiplication and development in vitro. The use of equal concentrations of ANA and BA (0.57 μM) favored the development of both shoot and roots. The use of styrofoam segments was effective for the propagation of B. martiana. For acclimatization, B. martiana plants should initially be transferred to community vessels containing the Bioplant substrate and after eight weeks transplanted into individual pots containing the Ouro Negro substrate and cultured for 90 days. The percentage of plant survival was considered satisfactory.