Práticas integrativas e complementares na atenção primária à saúde: revisão integrativa

Abstract

It is an integrative literature review based on a process that has 6 steps, elaboration of the guiding question; sample search in the literature; data collect; critical analysis of included studies; discussion of results; and presentation of the integrative review. The objective of this was to understand the context of Integrative and Complementary Practices (ICP) in Primary Health Care (PHC), to do so using the guiding question: How have ICP been addressed by nursing in Primary Health Care in the last 10 years? For data collection, bibliographic searches were performed from August to September 2019, from the Virtual Health Library crossing the descriptors Nursing, Primary care, Complementary therapies, Nursing care and Public health nursing. were included national and international publications related to the study theme, from 2009 to 2019, available online as full articles. Have been deleted editorials, expert opinion, that did not address the study theme and duplicates. Were found a total of 11 (eleven) studies, 45.45% (n = 5) related to benefits to health service users, 27.27% (n = 3) related to the concept of professionals about ICP and 45.45% (n = 5) related to the insertion of ICP in PHC, there was a sharing of two studies in the second and third theme. Several studies have elucidated benefits for patients in different care scenarios and for many purposes, either for stabilization, comfort or improvement of clinical condition. Professionals' opinions on ICP and their health benefits vary according to level of education, field of education and field of expertise, opinions vary from broad agreement to the extent to which ICP are dependent on allopathic medicine or may not provide results satisfactory. The logic of the implementation of ICP in PHC is not about finding the best way to apply a therapeutic service, but rather its diversification. In a health model where one can talk about humanization of care and a holistic view, the National Policy of Iintegrative and Complementary Practices corroborates that these actions happen, having its structure based on these pillars. Despite the difficulties raised by the literature, the federation provides a service implementation manual where its objective is not to bureaucratize this process but to facilitate its development. The approach of ICP by nursing in the last 10 years proved to be beneficial to health services within this period, elucidating the role of nurses from their implementation to care. It was also evidenced in this research the benefits of ICP to PHC, which provides care focused on the humanization and individualization of care. In relation to professionals and services, the advantages are related to the bonding with the patient through continuous treatment, which can lead to a more efficient and satisfactory work process for both.