Consumo de bebidas com adição de açúcar e composição corporal de jovens das coortes RPS

Abstract

Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) may be related to body composition. Few studies have found the relationship between SSB consumption and muscle mass index (BMI) and bone mineral density (BMD). Thus, the objectives of this thesis are to verify the association between SSB and BMD consumption in young people from the RPS birth cohorts and to analyze the association between SSB and IMM consumption in adolescents from São Luís, Maranhão. The design of the studies includes cross-sectional analyzes. In the DMO manuscript, young people aged 18 to 23 years old belonging to three Brazilian birth cohorts from the cities of Ribeirão Preto, Pelotas and São Luís were evaluated. In the IMM manuscript, adolescents 18 and 19 years old belonging to a cohort of birth of São Luís. The frequency, quantity and daily energy contribution of SSB (soft drinks, industrialized juices and chocolate) categorized in tertiles were the exhibitions of interest. The outcome variables were the bone mineral density (BMD) of the body and lumbar spine (in g/cm2 ) in the first manuscript and the muscle mass index (IMM) (in kg/m2 ) in the second manuscript. Unadjusted and adjusted models for confounding variables were analyzed by linear regression. Standardized coefficient (standardized β) was used to evaluate the effect size. In the first manuscript, the highest tertile of the frequency of consumption of SSB (2.1 to 16.7 times/day) was associated with a reduction in BMD of the lumbar spine (β = -0.009; 95% CI: -0.017; -0.001; β standardized = -0.030). The association remained after adjusting for confounding variables (β = -0.008; 95% CI: -0.016; -0.001; standardized β = -0.030). In the second manuscript it was found that the highest tertile of frequency of daily consumption of SSB (1.1 to 10.1 times / day) was associated with a reduction in IMM for males (β = -0.31; 95% CI: -0.60; -0.01; standardized β = -0.070) and female (β = -0.24; 95% CI: -0.45; -0.02; standardized β = -0.068). These associations did not remain after adjustment for the sugars contained in SSB in males (β = -0.16; 95% CI: -0.52; 0.20; standardized β = -0.060) and females (β = 0, 01; 95% CI: -0.24; 0.24; standardized β = -0.051). The highest tertile of SSB energy contribution (representing 3.0 to 28.4% in relation to total calories) was associated with a reduction in IMM in male adolescents (β = -0.34; 95% CI: -0.64; -0.04; standardized β = -0.080). This association was not maintained after adjustment for sugars contained in SSB (β = -0.19; 95% CI: -0.51; 0.12; standardized β = -0.076). In some young people, the consumption of SSB was a risk factor for the decrease in BMI and BMD in the lumbar spine. These results are important because the population evaluated was young and it was not expected to reduce muscle and bone mass at this stage of life.