Vulnerabilidade do patrimônio paleontológico e ausência de integração urbana: discursos de uma ação civil pública em Filadélfia – TO

Abstract

Tocantins State holds an Integral Conservation Unit (UC) bearing fossil sites, which is nominated Monumento Natural das Árvores Fossilizadas do Tocantins (MONAF, Tocantins Fossil Trees Natural Monument). This UC was implanted in 2000, at Filadélfia MunicipalityTO, Bielândia district, aiming to restrain the fossil traffic at the region. After some years of existence of this UC, the possibility of investigating the vulnerabilities contained in the region at the time preceding the installation, and the first years of existence of the UC, has taken place, given that there is a set of laws that supports the Cultural Heritage, in which the fossils are inserted. We propose in this work to analyse a discursive perspective of the Heritage, especially in MONAF, under the perspective that the French Discourse Analysis conceive the language: the language as producer of sense effects, once it is heterogeneous and opaque. Therefore, this work took as a starting point the following hypothesis: Public Civil Action seems to be an efficient legal mechanism to prevent the vulnerability of the Fossil Heritage. We outlined some objectives to the development of the research. As the main objective, we seek to identify vulnerability(ies) of the Palaeontology Heritage discursivized from the selected pieces of Public Civil Action number 2010.43.00.001157-1, which gave rise to MONAF, through discursive formations and the effects of discursive memory present in texts. As the specific objectives we seek to build a link between the French Discourse Analysis and Heritage concepts and their significance throughout history, and to analyse and problematize description and understanding of how vulnerability could be repaired through the creation of the Conservation Unit; discussion of the role of the subjects present at the procedure, being them the prosecution, the defence and the State; and their different speeches, with regard to the conservation and exploitation of heritage, and how this influences the perpetuation or the arising of vulnerability at the fossil sites within the Monument, since the creation of the Conservation Unit. This research is of a qualitative nature, and, especially, an analytical-documentary research, because it has as object of study a judicial process, a legal document that served as basis for the interpretations and conclusions of this work. The research contains a theoretical basis, through Michael Pêcheux’s French Discourse Analysis, and the conceptual of Heritage and Vulnerability. The procedural pieces evaluated were: Letters of communication from the Police Inquiry, Contestation, and Interlocutory Decision. The results show that Public Civil Action is an important mechanism for the preservation of the Fossil and/or Palaeontology Heritage, but alone it does not have the power to end the vulnerabilities to which the heritage is subjected. We presented the discursive formations that led the identification of three vulnerabilities, namely: Natural, Environmental Legal, and Discursive. These vulnerabilities permeate the analysed documents and persist today. Especially at the social scope, the research shows an absence of planning involving MONAF at Filadélfia Municipality.