Bioprospecção cosmética da mangabeira (Hancornia Speciosagomes) visando diversificação de produtos do extrativismo da mangaba

Abstract

Mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa) has been the target of pharmaceutical bioprospecting, presenting activities of great interest to cosmetology. In Tocantins, mangaba extraction is common, especially in the northwest region of the state. Lately, due to a variety of causes, including a delay in the onset of rains, the production of mangaba fruits has been harmed, making them rare. Following this scenario, and in conjunction with the inclusion of mangaba in the State Action Plan for Socio-biodiversity Product Chains, the purpose of this study was to determine the extent of mangaba extractivism in Tocantins and to perform bioprospecting for the production of cosmetics from mangaba stem, leaf, and bark. This was accomplished by obtaining 70% hydroethanolic extracts of the mangabeira stem, leaves, and bark using Soxhlet and ultrasound. The extracts were evaluated by phytochemical screening, quantification of total phenols and flavonoids and characterized by High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Gas Chromatography. Toxicity was evaluated by the models A. cepa and A. salina. A serum formulation was developed with the stem extract and two shampoos obtained with the leaf extract, both obtained by Soxhlet. For the serum, the physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant, photoprotective and depigmenting activities were evaluated. The shampoo was evaluated in relation to its physicochemical characteristics, foam formation, cleaning capacity and antioxidant activity. The formulations were submitted to preliminary and accelerated stability tests. The stem extracts had a higher concentration of total phenols and the leaf extracts had a higher concentration of flavonoids. The antioxidant activity was more promising in the stem and leaf extracts obtained by Sohxlet. The extracts showed low toxicity in the two evaluated methods. The serum showed low photoprotective activity and high antioxidant activity. The shampoo formulations showed less foam formation than the control, however, they provide good cleaning properties and high antioxidant activity. Few studies were found on mangaba extractivism, especially in Tocantins. However, the documentary research pointed to a proactive community that could organize itself into an association to improve the marketing power of its products. For the community, the best way to produce cosmetics today is to organize a small industry. Social actors from these communities showed interest in the results, showing a willingness to develop the products.