A organização social e política dos assentamentos rurais

Abstract

The monograph on the agenda presents a study on the forms of social and political organization of rural settlements, considered as collectives that demand space for land, work and socio-productive life in rural areas and formed around the guarantee of the rights provided for in public development policies and land reform. In order to understand the organizational forms of rural settlements in Brazil today, the study raised the debate on the nature of rural settlements, seeking to clarify the constitution processes and the place of settlements in the agrarian reform policy, as well as to clarify the forms of organization social and political developed in the formation of rural settlements in the context of public policies. The methodological procedures of the study were carried out through a theoretical qualitative research of the bibliographic type, guided by the historical-dialectical materialism method, with the use of reading techniques, file, reviews and elaboration of interpretative texts of the contents collected in the studied references and as results the survey presented data on the concrete reality of Brazilian rural settlements divided into two parts. In the first, it appears that rural settlements are currently conceived as productive units managed by the State through public policies directed at these collectives. However, in order to arrive at a current understanding of the settlements, it was discovered that it is a public institution built on the historical movement of popular and institutionalized rural collectives developed through the struggle for land, food and work effected from the pressures made by the repeated social circumstances of neglect and disrespect for the people of the countryside. Organized struggle that mainly demanded the implementation of agrarian reform in Brazil, organized around the implantation of rural settlements as the locus of rural development. In the second part of the research, the studies revealed that even though they are managed as State projects, rural settlements have historically been constituted in a variety of organizational forms and modalities constituted by associations, as is the case of settlements from traditional communities, whose experience of to live collectively the State sought to maintain it, only introducing the criteria based on the legal frameworks of the settlement policy. However, the vast majority of settlements have been implanted by the State in lands conquered, in various ways, by rural social and political movements, in accordance with the agrarian reform policy, considered as the main rural development strategy. And in this socio-historical reality, the settlements have been producing decisive impacts in the direction of advancing and maturing the conquests of the social rights of guaranteeing land, food and work for those who need to live in the countryside. At the end of this debate, we reached the final considerations, realizing that rural settlements are associative forms of small and medium-sized rural producers, organized by the agrarian reform policy and accompanied by the rural development policy, as an articulated strategy to guarantee access to land for production. of work, income and social living space under conditions of citizenship for rural men, women and families. Thus, as a product of articulations of the State, through social policies, rural settlements become instances that are forever dependent on governmental political projects that make up local and regional conjunctures, but an essential socio-political and economic mechanism for carrying out agrarian reform.