Caracterização das áreas queimadas no estado do Tocantins no ano de 2014

Abstract

This study objected to characterize the burned areas in the Tocantins State, 2014 season, by the exploratory and principal component analysis. This one used for knowledge the relationship of burned area with territorial and socioeconomically data of Tocantins cities. By historical analysis of heat spots in Tocantins, they were used satellite images between July and October. They were used the following bands, of sensors of Landsat-8 satellite: shortwave infrared (1.57–1.65 μm), near infrared (0.85–0.88 μm) and red (0.64-0.67 μm), in the RGB composition, with a spatial-temporal resolution of 30 meters and 16 days. It was conducted the processing and visual interpretation of the images, for the vectorization of the burned areas. These data were crossed with seven database (annual average precipitation, pedology, annual average temperature, watershed, slope, protected area and land use), available on Secretariat of Planning and Budget of Tocantins, and with the territory and socioeconomic data of the Tocantins cities. These last data were used in principal component analysis (PCA) that were extracted five PCA (data variance explained was 81.74%). These analyses revealed that burned area had shown highest positive relationship with city area, number of heat spots, natural pasture and forest areas. By the spatial analysis, K Ripley’s function and Moran’s index, the burned area occurrence, in the Tocantins State (include regions with highest burned area, as Jalapão and Bananal island), cannot be considered aleatory. It was possible to conclude, beyond environment conditions of Cerrado, the cities with highest burned area related with high agricultural GDP and low GDP of services and industry and low population.