Biodiversidade de abelhas (Hymenoptera: anthophila) em três regiões no estado do Tocantins, Brasil

Abstract

Bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) are the most important pollinators of wild and cultivated plants, being responsible for more than 85% of the pollination of the most important cultivated species for the human species. In the case of Brazil, with one of the most biodiverse faunas in the world, we have an immense challenge to know and preserve our pollinator fauna, as is the case of bees, especially in regions that are little studied like the State of Tocantins. The objective of this study was to carry out a survey of the biodiversity of bees in three regions of the State of Tocantins, one Cerrado area (Lajeado State Park) and two Cerrado transition areas - Amazon Forest (Private Natural Heritage Reserve - RPPN – Canguçu and Lago Verde Farm – Ipucas). Three passive collection methods were used for the survey (pantraps, scent trap and Malaise) in addition to the active method which consisted of using the Entomological Network. There is a high biodiversity of bees in the State of Tocantins, whether in the Cerrado or in Cerrado- Amazon Forest transition areas, where a diverse and abundant fauna belonging to four of the five bee families reported for Brazil was identified, namely Apidae, Colletidae, Halictidae and Megachilidae. This finding reinforces the hypothesis that Tocantins is rich in bee species. As for the methods used for the survey, the entomological network proved to be more effective in sampling the diversity of species in relation to the other methods used. Although the regions sampled in the State of Tocantins are still fewer in number, our results show the richness of bee species in the Cerrado and in the Cerrado-Amazon Forest transition area.