Novos projetos de mineração na nova configuração do poder global do século XXI: as novas características da mineração transnacional sobre o território do MATOPIBA e a sua dominação ecológica

Abstract

Thinking about the new configuration of global power in the 21st century pointed out by John Agnew, especial y when dealing with neo-extractivism and the mining megaprojects spread across Latin America, and under the historical dynamics of the Global South, the growing demand for commodities, especial y metals, is notably known. The national circuits of accumulation wil be incorporated into the global circuits, through commercial, productive and financial globalization, giving rise to the formation of a transnational capitalist class, which can be evidenced from the General Mining Reports. The Washington Council in 1989, with its various liberalizing and reductionist policies of the State, became a milestone in this transformation of the conception of world historical capitalism. The cases of Palmeirópolis and Almas explain the formation of a ZEIA (specific zone of intense accumulation) within the territory of MATOPIBA. In this way, the expression of mega scales productions is characterized by an expressive, violent and required technological intervention. Through these new interventions, capital exerts its elasticity and configures new forms of dominion over nature, and inaugurates new scenarios of environmental risks, which wil be social y manufactured and political y distributed. The discipline of International Relations needs to integrate new concepts that present alternatives to the developmental model of neo-extractivism. The problems in the absence of legality, or better said, in the regulation of rampant neo-extractivism are not limited only to the exploitation and disrespect for workers. It is a process of unrestrained exploitation of minerals that causes an enormous negative impact on nature, the communities around the deposits, the soil, the territory in general, in an overwhelming way. The lack of inspection in these environments transform these places into lawless havens, through activities such as money laundering, human trafficking, drug and arms trafficking. Mining is an activity that works with finite goods, and the depletion of large mining complexes makes multinational companies develop technologies that make themable to exploit these lower-level deposits and stil make profits.