“Nada Sobre Nós, Sem Nós”: Análise Discursiva da História de vida de um Aluno Cego em Contexto de Formação Acadêmica.

Abstract

Disability and inclusion have been the object of research in studies in different areas of knowledge: medicine, education, philosophy, linguistics, history, psychology etc. Most of these researches stabilize meanings by (re)producing discursivities that reinforce the imaginary about the disabled person, highlighting the marks of their bodies, their gestures and behaviors. The subjects involved are, in this sense, spoken, mediated as if the place of enunciation was historically forbidden to them. From a different perspective, this thesis starts from the life stories of a blind person and aims to understand how the research participant, as a person with a disability, means himself and discursivizes the ex/inclusive teaching received during his school and academic trajectory. We place this study in the theoretical framework of French Discourse Analysis (DA), proposed by Michel Pêcheux, between the 1960s and 1980s, in France, and developed, in Brazil, by Eni Orlandi and others from the 1980s onwards. For the composition of the discursive corpus, we used the semi-structured interview as an instrument, composed of broad questions and in blocks so that we could interfere as minimally as possible in the paths taken by the subject when telling his life story. At the end of the narratives, the material was transcribed and we cut out the discursive sequences for the constitution of our corpus. For the analysis of the discursive clippings, we were guided by the notions of subject, production conditions, ideology and discursive formations, considering the historicity of the meanings built on people with disabilities, taking into account the crossings of legal and medical discourse, mainly. In the course of the research, it was possible to “evidence” that the discursivities of the disabled person come from a place of resistance that opens fissures in the naturalized sense. Although under constraints of a different order, the fissures disorganize the sedimentation of what is already set, already signified, prohibited. Understanding how the functioning of “discourses about” operates in the sense of promoting the silencing of “discourses of”, and, consequently, the erasure of the processes of subjectivation, put us with the challenge of undertaking new listening to make new discursivities and other meanings erupt. . It is true that we also talk about it, but we seek to talk with, in a sensitive listening and reading to the subject's saying and the meanings that it produces from and for itself.