Uso do geoprocessamento no planejamento urbano: identificação de áreas críticas de alagamento na área urbana de Palmas – TO

Abstract

Events such as flooding in urban areas have intensified, becoming increasingly frequent, compromising the quality of life of the local population and causing socioeconomic disruption and losses. This study aims to characterize the surface flow within the city of Palmas, Tocantins, identifying critical points and generating flood risk maps. To map risk areas, the hierarchical analysis method was used. The conditions considered in defining the risk areas were slope, elevation and land cover. The data was organized and processed in a Geographic Information System (GIS), which made it possible to create thematic maps and spatial correlations between the themes and with the city's macro and micro drainage systems. The results revealed that in the urban area of Palmas there is no considerable risk of flooding, but with a high risk of flooding, mainly due to the slope, altitude and proximity to springs. The waterproofing of land due to urbanization, accompanied by inadequate micro and macro drainage systems, increases this vulnerability presented by the physical environment. It was also identified that the existing methodologies for risk identification are not so clear with regard to the risks of flooding. The research provides material of interest for analyzing the city's quality of life and mobility, in addition to being a source of information for identifying priority areas for implementing public policies and actions to prevent and mitigate the effects generated.