Polimorfismos genéticos na resposta às intervenções nutricionais com dieta dash (dietary approaches to stop hypertension) e abordagem multicomponente em pacientes com hipertensão arterial sistêmica

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of polymorphisms in genes associated with systemic arterial hypertension with the response to nutritional interventions in patients with the disease. The research involved individuals participating in the core study "Effectiveness of a Nutritional strategy for PRESSure control in patients with systemic arterial hypertension using the Unified Health System: NUPRESS." Participants were randomized into groups and subjected to either the control diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) or the multicomponent approach for 180 days. In the main study, cardiometabolic and renal markers were evaluated at the beginning and end of the interventions. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured by an automatic monitor and recorded in a participant-filled diary, combined with measurements taken during study center visits. In this sub-study, descriptive, comparative, and association analyses of the data were conducted, along with genotyping by genomic microarray assay. The influence of nutritional interventions and genotypes on variations in systolic and diastolic blood pressures throughout the study was assessed using linear regression models. The results indicated that the type of nutritional intervention was not significantly associated with changes in systolic blood pressure (p=0,4521) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0,3407). The developed risk scores showed a good correlation with variations in systolic (r=0,8519; p<0,001) and diastolic (r=0,8419; p<0,001) blood pressures, respectively. The analysis of the interaction between genotype and nutritional interventions confirmed previous results regarding the genetic effect and showed that it acts independently of the type of intervention to which the participant was subjected. In conclusion, the types of nutritional interventions did not show different effects on changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and the analysis of the interaction between genotypes and interventions revealed that the genetic effect persists regardless of the type of intervention.