Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) no Brasil: análise socioeconômica do acesso ao diagnóstico e tratamento pelas famílias de baixa renda

Abstract

Presently, scientific evidence from the current scenario in Brazil and worldwide indicates a rising number of diagnoses of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), with certain studies even characterizing autism as a potential "epidemic." In light of these considerations, this thesis seeks to identify issues related to existing socioeconomic disparities concerning access to treatment options by families of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Brazil and how these discrepancies impact the development of individuals with autism within low-income fam- ilies. To achieve this objective, a systematic review of international literature was conducted, focusing on articles central to public policies and autism. Additionally, field research covered all Brazilian states, involving the administration of 750 questionnaires to ASD families. The results affirmed the surge in ASD cases, signifying an impact on the public budget, service provision, and the necessity for professional training. Furthermore, they highlighted substantial socioeconomic differences regarding access to autism treatment in Brazil among low-income families. These disparities, on one hand, favor families with a higher level of education and greater socioeconomic stability. On the other hand, they disadvantage low-income families with lower levels of education, illustrating a tableau of social inequality and the imperative for in- clusion policies. Nevertheless, unfavorable situations for both social classes were identified, underscoring that ASD constitutes a social and public health issue. Beyond income considera- tions, addressing this requires strategic public policies that encompass the entirety of Brazilian society.