Migração e Trabalho Doméstico numa Cidade Média no Interior da Amazônia Legal: Araguaína-TO

Abstract

We consider the recent movements of internal migration in Brazil, notably stimulated by the expansion of the mineral-agricultural frontier in the legal Amazon, to problematize the processes of social affiliation and disaffiliation of migrant women inserted in the domestic labor market in a medium-sized city, Araguaína – TO. We elaborated the following hypothesis: migration processes bring as one of their variables the displacement of low-skilled labor to urban centers that have greater economic dynamism, such a movement leads to precarious social insertion and leads domestic workers to occupy housing sectors underprivileged by power public and with limited access to urban facilities. To verify our hypothesis, we constituted the following objectives: to identify the origin and reasons for the migration of domestic workers to a medium-sized city, Araguaína -TO; identify the profile of female migrant domestic workers based on the variables: age, ethnicity, education, place of residence; identify and analyze how the social vulnerability of these women structures their social disaffiliation. Our work starts from the perspective of the dialectical method supported by the theoreticalperspective of movements of attraction and repulsion, push – pull; and it is structured as qualitative based on an interview with eighteen domestic workers in the municipality of Araguaína. The criteria for selecting the interviewees followed the principle of social solidarity, in which one of the interviewees indicated other workers with the same profile, such dynamics are discussed in the literature as a snowball; saturation was the criterion for measuring the number of respondents. The interviews were handled from the perspective of content analysis with the support of the webQDA software and we found that most of them are brown women, beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família Program, residing in peripheral sectors, mostly educated up to incomplete elementary and high school. We conclude that entry into the labor market occurs precariously, places of origin confirm the theoretical proposition as places of expulsion with less social and economic dynamism, and places of residence in the destination city are invariably far from urban leisure facilities.