Gravidez na adolescência: avosidade e intergeracionalidade nas relações socioafetivas familiares em Palmas-TO

Abstract

The dissertation, "Teenage Pregnancy: Grandparenthood and Intergenerationality in Family Socio-Affective Relationships in Palmas-TO," delves into the complex family dynamics surrounding adolescent pregnancy, with a specific focus on the role of parents/grandparents within this intergenerational context. By exploring the concept of grandparenthood, this research seeks to uncover how socio-affective relationships, particularly among mothers/grandmothers of pregnant adolescents, are impacted by this event, challenging traditional notions of family and care. This qualitative study, employing a phenomenological approach, aimed to analyze how teenage pregnancy influences the balance of socio-affective relationships between mothers/grandmothers and their pregnant daughters, as well as the outcomes of this intergenerational dynamic. The research, conducted through semi-structured interviews, took place in two settings: the University of Maturity - UMA (Universidade da Maturidade) and two state schools in Palmas - Tocantins. The participants included: 1) elderly women who experienced pregnancy during their adolescence; and 2) adolescents who became pregnant between 2024 and 2025. For the purposes of this study, adolescence was defined as the period between 14 and 17 years of age. The research sought to understand the experiences, perceptions, and coping strategies employed when facing this challenge. The choice of Palmas as the study site is justified by the researcher's professional experience, the relevance and prevalence of the topic, and the opportunity to analyze the specific cultural and social factors that influence family relationships within this context. Both the University of Maturity, Palmas Campus, and the state schools provided valuable spaces for dialogue: the former with elderly women who experienced early motherhood, and the latter with pregnant adolescents. Teenage pregnancy is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon with diverse social, psychological, biological, and cultural implications. The presence of mothers/grandmothers in this situation acts as a protective factor, offering emotional, financial, and practical support to young mothers and their children. However, the early addition of a new family member can lead to conflict and strain existing intergenerational relationships. This research sought to identify the challenges faced by pregnant adolescents, the need to reconfigure life plans, and the navigation of family expectations. It also aimed to understand how family relationships, amidst the conflicts and tensions between expectations and reality when dealing with early pregnancy, impact the redefinition of adolescents' lives. By analyzing the coping strategies employed by mothers/grandmothers within these socio- affective relationships, the study aims to contribute to the development of programs and public policies that strengthen family bonds and provide adequate support to families experiencing this reality. Schools and the government, as spaces of knowledge, socialization, and support, are also considered to identify available resources and services for pregnant adolescents and their families in Palmas. By deepening our understanding of the roles of mothers/grandmothers within this intergenerational context, this research, while not exhaustive, contributes to a more thorough understanding of family dynamics and the most appropriate forms of support for these families during adolescent pregnancy.