Soluções fundiárias a conflitos coletivos em local de acesso preservado por limites naturais no estado do Acre: jurisdição adequada, efetiva e paz social

Abstract

Collective land conflicts in the State of Acre result from historical, social, economic, and environmental interactions, as well as from patterns of land occupation, whose dynamics have been influenced by economic cycles, the first being the extraction of natural rubber in Amazonian rubber plantations. Their proper handling is a complex challenge, especially when conflicts occur in areas where access is constrained by environmental characteristics and natural conditions. This research seeks to understand how the Court of Justice of Acre can improve the degree of effectiveness, speed, and sustainability in managing such disputes. Its theoretical basis encompasses the dimensions of land possession in scenarios of collective land conflicts and the need for structural measures and an interinstitutional approach. The study focuses on the analysis of judicial cases related to collective land conflicts in the Judicial District of Cruzeiro do Sul, which comprises three municipalities in the Juruá Valley region, in addition to a doctrinal review. Factual data are collected from the Judiciary Automation System and the National Council of Justice. Despite the tools already available for addressing collective land conflicts, the issue is still marked by a justice system that delivers solutions with low effectiveness. In the end, two products are proposed. The first is the specialization of the subject matter in a judicial unit of the District of Cruzeiro do Sul, aimed at land conflicts occurring in the territory, thereby providing greater specialization in handling the issue. The second is the implementation of a Judicial Center for the Resolution of Land Conflicts, following the model of others already established for specific themes.