Desterritorialização da comunidade de Apinagés em São João do Araguaia (PA) na perspectiva da construção da usina hidrelétrica de Marabá

Abstract

The history of hydroelectric dams in Brazil highlights numerous cases of conflicts involving those affected, state and construction consortia. The Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant (UHET), built in the 1970-80 period, located in lower Tocantins, in the state of Pará, deterritorialized traditional populations in the name of progress. Today, communication of the construction of the Marabá Hydroelectric Power Plant (UHEM), upstream of UHET, brings back to the traditional populations the socio-environmental impacts. The investigation focused on understanding the feelings of the community of Apinagés, in São João do Araguaia (PA), before the future exit of the territory and the fragilization of the identity by the communication of the UHEM in the period of 2010 and 2017. Because of the uncertainties that are the objective was the understanding of its perception in the context of the future deterritorialization and (dis) construction of the identity by the news of the HPP and the position of the State, Centrais Elétricas do Norte do Brasil S / A (ELETRONORTE) and Camargo & Corrêa. The research is qualitative-quantitative and opted for philosophical orientations, the dialectic and phenomenology for understanding the situation investigated. The techniques used were bibliographic research, documentary research, personal observation, and interview script. We applied the interview script containing open and closed questions about: identification and history of the residents, production and income, impacts of the enterprise, exit of the territory and perspectives of the residents. We interviewed 30 family heads (13%) of a sample universe of 231 households in the village of Apinagés in April 2017. The social category of analysis was a traditional community. The concepts of territory, territoriality, place and identity contributed to an interdisciplinary view of the characteristics that make the Apinagesenses, traditional and revealed a culture based on the relation with river, and threatened by this new hydroelectric. In summary, it is hoped to highlight the conflictual relationship established between those affected, the State and the Consortium, responsible for the materialization in the territory of undertakings that alter the natural cycles and the traditional way of life. The Apinagesenses feel threatened with the news and the transformations foreseen in their lived space, by the decisions of the government due to the economic growth, that does not respect the culture, identity, place and territories of the traditional communities. The subjects of the research fear deterritorialization because they think about the changes in their way of life, since it will prevent the fishing of fish, chelonians and will prevent the relation with the Tocantins river. This situation is built on the Bolivian thought, and reveals the society and scientific community that the news of the construction of hydroelectric plants puts the subjects in the condition of reached. The hydroelectric dams endanger the way of life of traditional communities, as it will limit it to memory in the postreterritorialization period.