Demarcação de terras indígenas no Brasil: a análise do processo demarcatório da aldeia Xambioá-TO

Abstract

Indigenist policy throughout the Colony and the Empire was aimed at integrating the natives, especially those considered as allies, into Brazilian society. To this end, the settlements were encouraged, which, with the support of missionaries, should serve to promote "civilization" of the various ethnicities in Brazil. From 1850, when the Land Law came into force, Brazil began to have the land issue as the propeller of various conflicts and disputes over land. In 1910, the Indian Protection Service (SPI) was created, later replaced in 1967 by FUNAI, which are responsible for the demarcation of land holdings occupied by the Indians. In 1990, under the management of FUNAI, post-Federal Constitution of 1988, the analysis of the traditionality with the formalization of the demarcation process of the Xambioá Indigenous Land (Kabiruru) of the Karajá ethnic group in Santa Fé - TO is inserted. The North Karajá began legalizing their land holdings through the Indian Protection Service (SPI) in 1963, and the process was finalized on 03.11.1997 with publication of the decree signed by the President of the Republic. In order to analyze the demarcation of Xambioá indigenous land, the research reconstructs the historical trajectory that involved the demarcation of lands and demonstrates, through an ethnographic approach of bibliographical character, how the form of territorialization imposed by the State interferes in the indigenous territoriality.